The three tamil dynasties chola, chera and pandyans have had a long history dating back to a time before the common era. The chola dynasty 800s1279ce was the dominant cultural, religious and political force in south india, building the great temple of thanjavur or tanjor which brought many artists to the city including artisans who made bronze icons. The chola kingdom was one of the three of ancient tamil tradition, but the dynasty had been virtually submerged for centuries when at the end of the 9th cent. This was followed by a naval expedition which overran north ceylon whereby the sri lankan king, mahinda v, had to take refuge in the jungles.
It can be conclude that shaivism was the most popular faith practiced during their rule. However rajaraja chola i patronised buddhists, and did provide the requirements for the construction of buddhist monastery in nagapattinam. Chola dynasty was the most powerful dynasty of ancient india. A view of brihadeeshwarar temple in gangaikondacholapuram which leaves its visitors into ecstasies. He established a temple of goddess nishumbhasudini durga there. The article chola dynasty is about chola dynasty and not about chola empire. The history of chola empire indian history history discussion. Not only did the cholas outlast ashokas mauryan empire, they continued to rule until 1279 cemore than 1,500 years. Aditya helped his overlord the pallava king aparajita against the pandyas but soon defeated him and annexed the whole of the pallava kingdom. Uraiyur now tiruchchirappalli was its oldest capital. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty that ruled in southern india until the th century. Nobody knows exactly when the first chola kings took power in the southern point of india, but certainly, the chola dynasty was established by the third century bce, because they are mentioned in one of ashoka the greats stelae.
Among the dynasties which ruled over south india, the cholas were undoubtedly the greatest. The early cheras ruled over the malabar coast, coimbatore, karur and salem districts in south india, which now forms part of the modern day kerala and. The chola dynasty was singularly prolific in kings of more than ordinarycapacity, from the middle of the ninth century to the end of the reign of kulottunga in a. Chola dynasty article about chola dynasty by the free. The cholas had three major administrative divisions called central government, provincial government and local government. Rajendra chola i biography childhood, life achievements. From 300 bc to 1267 ad, the cholas had two tenures. By the turn of the 8th century, there were three prominent kingdoms of. Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga. The history of the chola empire can be traced back before the 4th century b. Apart from the discussed features, chola temples had a beautiful shikara stone at the. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly. Although there were some ups and downs, including a time when chola princesses were the only ones able to keep the dynastys prestige afloat, the empire had a major impact on politics, arts, literature, philosophy, and architecture in ancient india.
Chinese song dynasty reports record that an embassy from chola reached the chinese court in the year 1077. Under the famous rulers rajaraja i reigned 9851014 and rajendra i reigned 101442 chola power reached its zenith. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bc left by asoka, of maurya empire. History, rules and life the cholas were an ancient race. Media in category chola dynasty the following 43 files are in this category, out of 43 total. After sangam, the chola became feaudatories of uraiyur. Most of the present southern states were united as one state and was ruled by the cholas between 9071215 ad chola dynasty is famous for its art and architecture. Pandya dynasty pdf pandya dynasty pdf pandya dynasty pdf download. Generally the chola army was led by the king or yuvaraja. He expanded the chola empire from where his father rajaraja chola had left. Apart from reaching northwards to river ganges and moving overseas to maldives and sri lanka, he also invaded the southeast asian territories of srivijaya in malaysia, indonesia and southern thailand. The need was the same as in the latter of the links. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the kaveri river.
One of several kingdoms that historically dominated the indian subcontinent was the cholas. Here we give the chola dynasty study materials in the pdf format. The chola army and navy together had 1,50,000 trained soldiers. Find information about chola dynasty, its origin, reign and fall of the cholas. Medieval period can be traced to vijayalaya who ruled in the locality of uraiyur in the tir uchirapalli region of tamil nadu in. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in. Chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty which was one of the longestruling dynasties in southern india. Finial the finial in pallava dynasy was a little swelling in the top of the vimana. By second century of the christian era, a chola king named karikalan rose to fame as a powerful ruler. The earliest datable references tae this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions frae the 3rd century bce left bi ashoka, o the maurya empire. The chola dynasty was an empire in the south india of tamil rulers. The origins of the cholas in the early throughout almost 400 years of its rule, medieval period can be traced to vijayalaya chola power extended over a large.
The entire tanjore district, parts of trichy, pudukottai and south arcot districts formed the part of the chola mandalam. Chera chola pandya history in tamil pdf download 156c1n. Some enduring issues of statecraft, military matters and. Adiperukku festival was celebrated each year during the floods of rivers. The chola dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the southern part of india for about 400 years. But in chola dynasty it became beautiful vase with artistic design. Rajaraja i, born arulmoli varman, often described as rajaraja the great, was a chola emperor reigned c. They ruled the land with glory for a long and unbroken period of 430. King sibhi or sembiyan is first person from solar dynasty rule south india tamilnadu. Chola empire dynasties of ancient india history for kids. Chola dynasty, south indian tamil rulers of unknown antiquity, antedating the early sangam poems c. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over.
Chola dynasty ias abhiyan ii ias upsc exam preparation. It is believed that many southern royal families claimed their origin from the cholas. The armies of the tributary chieftains also joined chola army at needy times. They prospered most notably during their golden age mid10th through 11th centuries a. The concept of a chola empire largely rests on the idea that the chola kings, from their home territory in the kaveri river basin cholanadu, which they had laid. Chera kingdom, chieftaincies, and chola mandalams c. The dynasty originated in the rich kaveri cauvery river valley. The legendary king karikan was the common ancestor through whom.
Pandya dynasty pdf the pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. Archaeological sources of the chola dynasty get the answers you need, now. Chola domain was known as tondiamandalam or cholamandalam, with the capital at uraiyur in tiruchirapalli district and subsequently at kaveripattan or purhar, founded by the chola king karikala190 a. Chola dynasty is a post mauryan dynasty formed in 3 century bce. But in chola dynasty they became enlarged with high enclosure walls. Completed between early 11th and the 12th century ce, the monuments include the brihadisvara temple at thanjavur, the temple of gangaikonda cholapuram and the airavatesvara temple at darasuram. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. Chola dynasty is generally divided into four periods early cholas, the interregnum, medieval cholas, later cholas. These later cholas are termed as imperial cholas because they excercised ocntrol over sri lanka and malay peninsula. This dynasty was one of the best in the during the sangam period. Chola definition, a teenage girl who associates closely with a gang of cholos or is the girlfriend of a cholo. Chola dynasty was one of the biggest dynasty that ruled south india for a very long period from early 9 th century to late th century. The chola dynasty the cholas formed one of three ruling dynasties in tamilspeaking south india.
A chola king, known as elara, conquered sri lanka and ruled over it for about 50 years during the middle of the 2 nd century b. The great living chola temples is a unesco world heritage site designation for a group of chola dynasty era hindu temples in the indian state of tamil nadu. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history. The founder of the chola empire was vijayalaya, who was first feudatory of the pallavas of kanchi. A work of history on the pandyas who ruled southern tamilnadu until 16th century. Chola architecture 900 1150 ad prepared by roopa chikkalgi. As ane o the three crouned keengs o tamilakam, the dynasty continued tae govren ower varyin territory till the t.
Chola dynasty simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rajendra chola i was one of the greatest emperors of the chola dynasty. Pdf excellence of cholas navy find, read and cite all the research. The chola dynasty wis ane o the langestrulin dynasties in the history o soothren indie. The chola kings gave enough care for the judicial administration. This is the story about the chola dynasty which is believed to have originated from the fertile valley of the river kaveri. Candidates can download the history study material pdf from our website. The chola kings followed a highly efficient system of administration. Karikala chola was the most famous among the early chola kings, while rajaraja chola, rajendra chola and kulothunga chola i were famous emperors of the. Get chola dynasty map with major cities and current country boundaries. Jun 21, 2018 the chola dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over the southern part of india for about 400 years.
Chola empire indian history free pdf download studyiq. Cholas, pandyas, and imperial temple culture easaa. He had defeated the joint forces of chera and pandya kings and. Middle chola temples rajaraja i to kulottunga i ignca. Chola dynasty pallavas 600900 ad cholas 9001150 ad the chola dynasty was one of the longest ruling dynasties in the history of southern india. Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint. List of historical fiction about cholas score a books total score is based on multiple factors, including the number of people who have voted for it and how highly those voters ranked the book. The connection of the cholas with the uraiyur family was through legendary king karikan. If further discussion is required, please continue in the article discussion page, where more people can participate, instead of our user talk pages. Who was the founder of gurjara pratihara harichandra dynasty. Karikala was a famous chola king of the early time.
After learning to merge all pdf files in a folder into one file and merge the csv files come this post. Rulers of chola dynasty in the 7th century, a chola kingdom thrived in andhra pradesh. Chera dynasty simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The dynasty came from the fertile valley of the kaveri river. In which state the gujara pratihara dynasty was formed.
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